I wouldn't recommend it. The brake drums are presumably cast iron, which would be brittle. Acting as a brake drum, the drum is put into uniform
tension all around when the brake is applied. When the drum is set down upon the wheel dolly, a single point of the drum is put in
compression, which it was not built for. It is likely to crack or even shatter.
When the dolly is used on a "tired" wheel, the
weight of the trailer is transferred directly to the
axle shaft, and the drum takes none of the load.
If you need to remove the
tires and wheels for garage door clearance, I suggest you devise some sort of a dolly that can pick up the trailer
weight directly on the trailer frame. (Something like a pair of large wheeled garage jacks, one on each side.) That would also mean you would need a solid (concrete) level garage apron to allow the wheel-less trailer to be pushed into the garage safely.
If you can devise one, you could leave the trailer on the jacks, taking the
entire load off of the axle for the winter, and also prevent "flatting" the tires, as they also would not be under any load at all.
Good luck,
Mike